83 research outputs found
An interpretation of the infrared singularity of the effective electromagnetic field
The problem of infrared divergence of the effective electromagnetic field
produced by elementary particles is revisited using the non-equilibrium model
of an electron interacting with low-temperature photons. It is argued that the
infrared singularity of the effective field can be interpreted as a
thermalization of the electron. It is shown that this thermalization is
negligible in actual field measurements as it is completely dominated by the
usual quantum spreading.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Crux: Locality-Preserving Distributed Services
Distributed systems achieve scalability by distributing load across many
machines, but wide-area deployments can introduce worst-case response latencies
proportional to the network's diameter. Crux is a general framework to build
locality-preserving distributed systems, by transforming an existing scalable
distributed algorithm A into a new locality-preserving algorithm ALP, which
guarantees for any two clients u and v interacting via ALP that their
interactions exhibit worst-case response latencies proportional to the network
latency between u and v. Crux builds on compact-routing theory, but generalizes
these techniques beyond routing applications. Crux provides weak and strong
consistency flavors, and shows latency improvements for localized interactions
in both cases, specifically up to several orders of magnitude for
weakly-consistent Crux (from roughly 900ms to 1ms). We deployed on PlanetLab
locality-preserving versions of a Memcached distributed cache, a Bamboo
distributed hash table, and a Redis publish/subscribe. Our results indicate
that Crux is effective and applicable to a variety of existing distributed
algorithms.Comment: 11 figure
New Ξ±-Aminophosphonates as Corrosion Inhibitors for Oil and Gas Pipelines Protection
The problem of corrosion of metal equipment is one of the most actual problems in oil industry. One of the methods to solve this problem is the development of new low-toxic, accessible and effective corrosion inhibitors. For this purpose, we carried out the synthesis of the new Ξ±-aminophosphonates based on syntanyl phosphites, formalin and diethanolamine according to the Kabachnik-Fields reaction. The resulting products are characterized by 1H, 31P, 13C NMR, IR and mass spectroscopy methods. The obtained compounds contain a long radical chain of industrial (poly)ethoxylated alcohol residue with different length of the hydroxyethyl fragment, as well as an active center containing O-P-C-N fragment, which impart them inhibitory properties toward corrosion processes. The anticorrosive activity of the new aminophosphonates was studied by gravimetric analysis method. In the article the effect of concentration, time and degree of ethoxylation of the hydrocarbon radical in alpha-aminophosphonates on the protective effect of inhibitors was studies. It was shown that the obtained aminophosphonates exhibit high values of the protective effect of steel in a highly mineralized medium containing 250 g/m3 Π‘Π2 and 200 g/m3 Π2S. The high value of the protective effect (82-85 %) at inhibitor concentration of 25 mg/l was found. The maximum protective effect at 50 mg/ml dosage of the inhibitor is 94.3 %, while there is a decrease of the corrosion rate (less than 0.04 mm/year)
New Sintanyl Phosphonates for Protection of Oil and Gas Pipelines from Steel Corrosion
Many corrosion inhibitors are economically disadvantageous or toxic to the environment. Additionally, there are certain requirements for corrosion inhibitors. Therefore, the development of new corrosion inhibitors is one of the important problems in the oil-producing and oil-refining industry. The purpose of this work is the synthesis of new corrosion inhibitors with high inhibitory activity, the establishment of the structure of the compounds obtained and the determination of the anti-corrosion effect with respect to aggressive media. This paper presents the results of research on the development of new iron corrosion inhibitors. New Ξ±-aminophosphonates were synthesized based on the Kabachnik-Fields reaction. Formalin, morpholine, phosphite containing residues of industrial non-ionic surfactants - syntanols as radicals were used as a raw material. The compounds obtained were isolated in high yield. The structure of the compounds obtained is established by modern methods of physico-chemical analysis. The protective effect of the compounds obtained was studied by a gravimetric method for 6, 24, 72 hour exposure and an inhibitor concentration of 10, 25, 50, 100 ppm. As an aggressive medium, a highly mineralized medium containing Π‘Π2 and Π2S was used in simulated formation water. The dynamics of changes in the protective effect of the resulting aminophosphonate from time to time, at dosages of 2.5-100 ppm, were studied using electrochemical analysis methods. The protective effect of syntanyl-O-ethyl- (N-morpholinyl) methylphosphonate obtained at 25 ppm and a shutter speed of 6 hours is 73-82%. The article shows that with increasing concentration, an increase in the protective effect is observed. The greatest protective (89,6) effect showed O-2- [2- [2- [2- [2- [2- [2- [2- [2- [2- (dodecyloxy) ethoxy] ethoxy] ethoxy] ethoxy ] ethoxy] ethoxy] ethoxy] ethoxy] ethoxy] ethyl-O-ethyl- (N-morpholinyl) methylphosphone at a dosage of 100 ppm
Authenticated private information retrieval
This paper introduces protocols for authenticated private information retrieval. These schemes enable a client to fetch a record from a remote database server such that (a) the server does not learn which record the client reads, and (b) the client either obtains the authentic record or detects server misbehavior and safely aborts. Both properties are crucial for many applications. Standard private-information-retrieval schemes either do not ensure this form of output authenticity, or they require multiple database replicas with an honest majority. In contrast, we offer multi-server schemes that protect security as long as at least one server is honest. Moreover, if the client can obtain a short digest of the database out of band, then our schemes require only a single server. Performing an authenticated private PGP-public-key lookup on an OpenPGP key server\u27s database of 3.5 million keys (3 GiB), using two non-colluding servers, takes under 1.2 core-seconds of computation, essentially matching the time taken by unauthenticated private information retrieval. Our authenticated single-server schemes are 30-100 more costly than state-of-the-art unauthenticated single-server schemes, though they achieve incomparably stronger integrity properties
Enabling propagation of anisotropic polaritons along forbidden directions via a topological transition
Recent discoveries of polaritons in van der Waals (vdW) crystals with
directional in-plane propagation, ultra-low losses, and broad spectral
tunability have opened the door for unprecedented manipulation of the flow of
light at the nanoscale. However, despite their extraordinary potential for
nano-optics, these unique polaritons also present an important limitation:
their directional propagation is intrinsically determined by the crystal
structure of the host material, which imposes forbidden directions of
propagation and hinders its control. Here, we theoretically predict and
experimentally demonstrate that directional polaritons (in-plane hyperbolic
phonon polaritons) in a vdW biaxial slab (alpha-phase molybdenum trioxide) can
be steered along previously forbidden directions by inducing an optical
topological transition, which naturally emerges when placing the slab on a
substrate with a given negative permittivity (4H-SiC). Importantly, due to the
low-loss nature of this topological transition, we are able to visualize in
real space exotic intermediate polaritonic states between mutually orthogonal
hyperbolic regimes, which permit to unveil the unique topological origin of the
transition. This work provides new insights into the emergence of low-loss
optical topological transitions in vdW crystals, offering a novel route to
efficiently steer the flow of energy at the nanoscale
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎ 2035 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°
ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎ 2050 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ-Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²: Π·Π° 2012β2019 Π³Π³. ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° 9 % Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎ 2035 Π³. ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° 7β11 %. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ: ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ (Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ), Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΠΠ₯, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ (Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΊ) Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°. Π ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ: Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ, ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎ 2035 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°
ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎ 2050 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ-Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²: Π·Π° 2012β2019 Π³Π³. ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° 9 % Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎ 2035 Π³. ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° 7β11 %. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ: ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ (Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ), Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΠΠ₯, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ (Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΊ) Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°. Π ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ: Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ, ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ
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